SHR

Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease in which prolonged and excessive insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia lead to a marked reduction in pancreatic β-cell mass and function. It is well recognized that diet plays a central role in the management of T2D, and particular interest has been given to low-carbohydrate diets given that they may improve glycemic control and blood lipids to a greater extent than low-fat and low-GI diets despite similar effects on weight. A specific type of low-carbohydrate diet that is high in fat and moderate in protein is a ketogenic diet (KD). Although initially used for the treatment of epilepsy, KDs are increasingly being used for weight loss and general health. Indeed, it has been argued that a KD may facilitate weight loss through helping to control hunger and improve fat oxidative metabolism. However, it remains unknown what impact a KD may have in persons with T2D over...

In a previous article I wrote about one of the first clinical trials to evaluate the effect of DHA supplementation on indexes of fatty liver in adolescents. Needless to say, the results were quite impressive. But what if you don’t catch non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) quickly enough? Over time, oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, insulin resistance, and central inflammatory signaling pathways drive a transformation from NAFLD to the more serious condition called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH; literally “fatty inflammation”). At this point, would fish oils still help? If we trust the results of a recent double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial from Brazil, the answer is no! But there’s a catch. Fifty adult men and women with diagnosed NASH supplemented with three pills per day for six months before being readmitted for another liver biopsy to gauge any changes in liver health. What nobody knew (double-blind), was whether the pills supplied a mineral oil...

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is exactly what its name says – the abnormal accumulation of fat within the liver (steatosis for the nerds like me) from causes other than alcohol. The more severe form of NAFLD is called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH; literally “fatty inflammation”), which can eventually progress to cirrhosis, permanent liver damage, and cancer. Nonetheless, even simple NAFLD can cause widespread metabolic problems within the body, which should be no surprise considering the tremendous role the liver plays in detoxifying the body and managing nutrients. Anyway, NAFLD prevalence has been increasing over the past few decades and is currently estimated to be around 30% in the U.S. population, with causes ranging from excessive caloric intake and muscular insulin resistance to genetic abnormalities. We can’t really do anything about the genetics, but it is no coincidence that the only tried and true methods for reducing liver fat include weight loss...

The International Diabetes Federation estimated that over 8.3% of the adult population had type-2 diabetes (T2D) in 2013, with nearly half of them being undiagnosed. Moreover, they estimated that T2D was responsible for 5.1 million deaths, or 8.4% of the global all-cause mortality. In Europe the percentage of all deaths that were attributable to T2D was even higher at 10.2%, and in North America it rose further still to 13.5%. Clearly T2D is taking its toll on our Western population. One potential reason for the increased mortality is poor lifestyle management of the condition. Of the many complications related to T2D, excessive visceral fat (VAT) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are two of the worst. Given the etiology of T2D is commonly related to excessive caloric intake coupled with inactivity, it should come as no surprise that the most effective treatment for T2D is weight loss through diet and exercise....